Respiration is a catabolic process in which the respired oxygen is used in the oxidation of food resulting in the release of energy. It is brought about by respiratory organs.
Respiratory Organs of Some Animals:-
Respiratory Organs of Some Animals:-
- Lungs:- Reptiles like Lizards,Mammals like Man,Camel Cattle etc.
- Skin:- Frog,Earthworm and Leeches.
- Gills:- Fishes,Tadpoles and Prawns.
- Air Sacs/Lungs:- Birds.
Types of Respiration:-
Aerobic Respiration(आक्सी श्वसन):-
- When respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen it is known as aerobic respiration.
- The oxygen taken oxidises the respiratory substances (Food) into carbon dioxide,water and energy, e.g. Glucose + O2 → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy.
Anaerobic Respiration(अनाक्सी श्वसन):-
- The respiration which takes place in the absence of oxygen is known as anaerobic respiration.
- In this process the respiratory substances are incompletely oxidised to carbon dioxide and alcohol.
- Glucose → Carbon Dioxide ethyl alcohols + Energy ( In Plant)
- Glucose → Lactic Acid + Energy ( In Animals)
Human Respiratory System:-
- The human respiratory organs are shown in following diagram.
- Overall passage of air in human is as follows Nostrils → Pharynx →Larynx →Trachea →Bronchi →Bronchioles →Alveoli →Cells →Blood.
- Breathing rate in human = 18-20/min Transportation of oxygen takes place by hemoglobin of blood.
- Whereas transportation of only 10-20% carbon dioxide takes place by hemoglobin of blood. Most of the CO2 is transported through blood buffers. Larynx or voice box or Adam's apple produces sound.
Key terms
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Respiratory system | The body system responsible for gas exchange between the body and the external environment |
| Pharynx (throat) | Tube connected the nose/mouth to the esophagus |
| Larynx (voice box) | Tube forming a passage between the pharynx and trachea |
| Trachea | Tube connecting the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs |
| Bronchi | Branches of tissue stemming from the trachea |
| Bronchiole | Airway that extends from the bronchus |
| Alveoli | Structures of the lung where gas exchange occurs |
| Diaphragm | Thoracic muscle that lays beneath the lungs and aids in inhalation/exhalation |
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